Project: Plagiarism in schools.

Problem Description

One of the biggest problems nowadays in any level or class of academic education is the conflict of students to learn by doing their homework. Any work assigned is hard to be realized by the student, so they recur to the easiest way of fulfill the work given; plagiarism.

Fucaloro, L., Russikoff, K., Salkauskiene, D., (2003). Define Plagiarism as a dynamic and multi-layered phenomenon and needs to be understood in relation to a specific context of academic conventions and environment.

Introduction

Plagiarism means taking the words and thoughts of others, and using them as if were yours without giving any credit to the author.

Plagiarism can be a headache for teachers, but also for the student himself, because not fulfilling out with the work given (that it’s supposed given to keep the learning process going) the student is learning nothing, homework must be made by conscious, so it reflects the learning process and build up of knowledge implemented in class.

Information and Communications Technologies (ICT)

ICTs are presented nowadays in our daily lifes, so we can fortunately use them in a good way for helping to face this problem called Plagiarism, with softwares we can find for free on Internet, like ‘Plagiarism Checker X’.

Contextualization

—Mexico

This phenome is actually very used in Mexico in any level of schools. A reason can be because most of the teachers do not take the time to really check students’ homeworks, or analyze them.

—United States:

Maurer H., Kappe F., Zaka B. (2006) A survey released in 2003 reports 38% of students involved in online plagiarism. The new generation is more aware of technology than ever before.

Purpose

The main purpose of this software is that teachers can check homeworks that are supposed made by the students so they can know if students are actually learning and doing the activities by themselves, being the result of achieving the goal of any class; learn.

Objective

Realize if students work is original.

Kinds of plagiarism

—- Copy and paste: copying word to word textual contents.

- Idea plagiarism: using similar concept or opinion which is not common knowledge

-—Paraphrasing: changing grammar, similar meaning words

—- Artistic plagiarism: presenting someone else’s work using different media

- —Code plagiarism: using program code, algorithms, classes, or functions without permission or reference. 

—- Misinformation of references: adding references to incorrect or non-existing original sources. 

—- Translated plagiarism: cross language content translation and use without reference to original work.

Plagiarism Checker X

Online Plagiarism

Side by Side Comparison

 

Advantages

- Develop of students’ habits to realize their homeworks.

- Teachers can now quickly take care of every student’s homework, in an easy way.

—- Parents and the institution itself can be noticed about plagiarism.

—- The authenticity of homeworks is reliable.

—- Teachers can recognize and focus in students that need more attention than others.

- Teachers can improve their skills to teach in relation to the results of their students’ abilities.

Disadvantages

- —Lots of students warmed because of plagiarism. 

—- Pressure and stress to students. 

—- Not all features in this software are free. 

—- Necessarily use of Internet to analyze texts in the ‘Online Plagiarism’ tool. 

Conclusion

—Plagiarism can be actually faced thanks to the technologies we have nowadays. It is now easier for a teacher to realize if a student just copied and pasted information. This software can analyze through Internet and tell you if a homework is plagiarized and from where, making more easy the teachers’ work and also more reliable.

LINK TO DOWNLOAD:

http://plagiarism-checker-x.softonic.com/

Use of ICT on Languages 4

Technology and Jobs: Should Workers Worry? 

We can now just think in that utopic land where robots make everything for us in a new society (which produces these robots) but, is this good? Of course robots aren't in all jobs nowadays, but how would technologies affect jobs (and persons) if this become real? If this actually happens in the future, there wouldn't be any work for people anymore, people would be replaced for technology.



In the American Economy there are still lots of jobs, robots hasn't already arrived, so we shouldn't blame them yet. Every cybernetic machine requires human control.

Technology was supposed made to be a friendly tool to human to make the human brain more valuable and not necessarily obsolete.



Which jobs should be worried about robots?

Maybe not now but perhaps in the next 15-20 years these jobs can be affected by technology:

- At&t

- Lawyers

- Costumer Sumer space

- Transactional space (operators, everyone who deals with transactions)

- Factory workers

- Marketing / advertisements space



Jobs like nurses, waiters cashiers, secretaries, truck drivers, teachers, etc. Have always existed and are made by human, but can be actually be affected in the future.



This technology increasing can affect much of the jobs we have nowadays rather than help, I mean people who produce them. Economy of the society can grow up, but jobs will decrease for people, which is something we should think again, do we really want everything to be made just by robots? The answer will be given in the next years, I don’t think it can happen that way, but it will, maybe less maybe more, but hopefully there will still be jobs for people, and society will continue working as we know it.

Link for the debate:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQW2mxDf1n0

Use of ICT on Languages 3

SERVICES III

*ICT Tools in Human Resources Management*

Strategic, integrated and coherent approach to the employment development. 

This covers activities like:
- Strategic human resources management
- Human capital management
- Corporate social responsibility
- Knowledge management organization development.

Business processes of HR:

- Preparing and reviewing capacity planning
- Interviewing and recruiting
- Managing personnel evidence
- Instituting programs for retention and growth
- Setting up motivation programs
- Evaluating employee efficiency
- Establishing tools


Performance Drivers:

This term is used to mark activities that increase potential to achieve higher level of cor-porate performance,

They can be divided into:

- Generic 
- Rrecurring 
- Dependent 

Characteristics:

- Attract and hire a greater share of high performers
- Monitor the effects of new policies and programs
- Drive member satisfaction
- Simplify administrative 
- Define organizational policies and procedures 
- Maintain learning and development activities that stimulate optimal task and contextual job 
- Performance 
- Support advanced strategic decision making tools

TEACHING III

*Unesco ict competency framework for teachers*

Policies and projects of UNESCO’s education 
- Inculcating the community’s core values and passing on its cultural legacy. 
- Supporting the personal development of children, young people and adults. 
- Promoting democracy 
- Encouraging cross cultural understanding 
- Supporting economic developtment
- Reducing poverty 
- Increasing widespread prosperity.

Linking ICT, education and economy
- ICT-CFT emphasizes poverty reduction, quality of life and improvements in the quality of education 
- ICT-CFT is based on the principle that systemic social and economic growth is the key to poverty reduction and increased prosperity

Factors of economic growth:
- Capital deepening 
- Higher quality labour
- Technological innovation

ASPECTS OF A TEACHER’S WORK:
- Undestanding ICT in education 
- Curriculum and assessment 
- Pedagogy
- ICT 
- Organization and administration
- Teacher professional learning

Education reform

The use of the new technologies in education implies new teacher roles, new pedagogies and new approaches to teacher education. 
The successful integration of ICT in the classroom will depend of the ability of teachers to structure the learning.

APPROACHES*

Technology literacy:
- Enable learners, citizens to use ICT to support social development and improve economic productivity
- Make high quality resources avaiable to all 
- Improve literacy skills

Knowledge deepening:
- To increase the ability of students

Teachers must be able to: 
- Understand policy goals and social priorities 
- Identify, design and use specific activities that address these goals and priorities 

Knowledge creation:
- Increase productivity by creating students, citizens and a workforce.

TRANSLATION III:

*A Study of the UK Freelance Translators*

There is a wide range of information and communications technologies available to translators today, including general purpose software applications and special purpose software.

Demand for translation services has increased considerably over the past decade.

Internet has transformed the way in which translators receive and deliver translation assignments via electronic mail, rather than by fax.

The purpose of the project discussed is to help address that gap in the research by presenting a study of the issues surrounding the adoption of information and communication technologies by freelance translators in the UK. 

Translator profile:
- Covering demographic data
- Details of translator training and qualifications
- ICT knowledge and skills.

ICT familiarity and usage: 
- Covering general purpose software
- Translation specific software
- Other specialised software 
- Web language resources
- Online tools
- Communications technologies.

ICT strategy: 
Covering translators' opinions and thoughts about ICT use in their translation work.
*The principal languages covered by the respondents were:

- German to English
- French to English
- Spanish to English

The remainder included a number of language combinations, notably English to German, Russian to English, and Italian into English.

Software applications they used in translation work:
- Document production activities 
- Information search and retrieval activities 
- Translation creation activities 
- Communication activities
- Marketing activities 
- Business management activities.




***

Use of ICT on Languages 2

SERVICES II

Business activity creates jobs, builds human capital and physical infrastructure, and, of course offers a variety of products and services to consumers and other businesses.
The Economic Opportunity Series explore Four Key strategies that can be used to expand economic opportunity:
-Creating Inclusive Business Models
-Developing Human Capital
-Building Institutional Capacity
-Helps to Optimize the "Rules of the Game"

Develop of Human Capital
It improves the health, education, experience, and skills of employees.

Bulding Institutional Capacity
Strength the industry associations, market intermediaries, univesities, governments and civil society organizations.

There is enormous variation in the roles companies, depending on the industries, their particular business models, relationships, and the contexts in which they operate.

ICT in services
- Reduce transaction costs and improve precuctivity.
- Offers immediate connectivity voice, data, visual improving efficiencty, transparency, and accuracy.
- Substitute for other, more expensive means of communicating and transacting, such as physical travel.
- Increase choices in the marketplace.

ICTs increase efficiency, productivity, and access to goods, services, information, and markets.

The most important way ICT companies can expand economic opportunity is to get those technologies out there.

TEACHING II

An effective use of ICT Education and Learning, and Experience

Information and communication technologies (ICT) have become commonplace entities in all aspects of life in the last twenty years, it has fundamentally changed the practices and procedures of nearly everything.


According to Daniels, ICTs have become within a very short time, is one of the basic building blocks of modern society.

ICT enhancing teaching and learning process
- ICTs have the potential to accelerate, enrich, and deepen skills, to motivate and engage students.
- It helps in school experience to work practices for the viability for tomorrow's workers. 
- It also helps to revitalize teachers and students. 
- Improves and develops the quality of education.

How to introduce ICT in class
According to Zhao and Cziko, three conditions are necessary for teachers to introduce ICT into their classrooms: 

1- Teachers should believe in the effectiveness of technology.
2- Teachers should believe that the use of technology will not cause any disturbances
3- Teachers should believe that they have control over technology.

ICT enhancing the quality and accessibility of education
ICT increases the flexibility of delivery of education so that learners can access knowledge anytime and from anywhere.

Students can now browse through e-books.
Or access to:
- Resource persons
- Mentors
- Experts 

ICT enhancing learning Environment
- ICT is a potentially powerful tool for offering educational opportunities.
- It changes processes of teaching and learning by adding elements of vitality to learning
- Improves the experience of the students and teachers for better results. 

ICT enhancing learning motivation
—It provides motivation to Learn.
—Learners find classes more interesting by using multi-media, like the following ones:

- Videos 
- Television
- Multimedia computer software
(combining text, sound, and colourful moving images).

ICT enhancing the scholastic performance
The direct link between ICT use and students’ academic performance has been the focus of extensive literature during the last two decades.
ICT helps students to their learning by improving the communication between them and the instructors. An example is the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) which showed that the correlation between ICT and students’ performance is strongly and significantly positive.


ICTs for education refers to the development of information and communications technology specifically for teaching/learning purposes.

TRANSLATION II

The new information and communication technlogy (ICT) and translation competence.

Translator: Someone who can use his knowledge to communicate in a different language; to transfer ideas.
Bilingual: Someone that can communicate in two languages.

Competence: A way to know what to do in different situations combinating skills, attitudes and behaviours that leads to an individual being able to perform a certain task to a given level.

What should a translator have?
- Textual and communicative competences
- Cultural and intercultural competences
- Competence about the knowledge of the theme of translation
- Proffesional and instrumental competences
- Interpersonal competence
- Good composition and production of texts.

Helpful ICT tools for translation
General tools:
-Internet
-The use of corpus linguistics:
  *Monolingual
  *Bilingual
-Software:
  *Word
  *Acrobat reader

Specific for translators:
-Machine translation
-Computer assisted translation

Reception - Transfer - Formulation

Teaching Blogs

Teaching Children with Disabilities

To teach students with disabilities is very difficult, while doing it teachers must care about stuff like age, skills, activities and the way each one learn. 

In this blog we can find out a lot of interesting info, such as activities like learners' self care. 

Different disabilites such as Autism or Down Syndrome.

http://specialed.about.com/od/lessonplans/fl/Teaching-Functional-Skills-to-Students-with-Disabilities.htm

Teaching tough kids

Teaching tough children is one of the most difficult stuff in teaching. Most of the tough kids have a lot of troubles not just of behaviour, but in learning also. For a teacher is very difficult to interact in a normal class if one of these kids are there, the teacher has to know how to guide them and not just ignore the problem. A teacher is a mentor, someone that has to make all his students learn in a good way, and someone that has to help them in all the ways posible. 

In this blog we can see some tips for this kind of students, what we should and shouldn't do.

http://www.edutopia.org/blog/tips-for-teaching-tough-kids-josh-work

Teaching To Adults

Teaching adults is the total opposite of teaching kids, almost everything here is different. Every human learns in different ways from anothers, and if teaching children is difficult, to adults it can be also a very difficult challenge.

Most of adults aren't interested in learning by games or stimuli like children, so we can say is something more serious, and pragmatic. It's not a secret that our brain dicrease a little bit or too much (deppending on the person) by age, so that's another big challenge to a teacher to find effective ways of teach to adults, more if we talk of advanced age adults. 

We'll discover more about these challenges in this blog.

http://www.fluentu.com/english/educator/blog/teaching-english-to-adults/

Use of ICT on Languages 1

Services 1: ICT for sustainable development: defining a global research agenda.

ICT divided in two categories:
- Those dependent of traditional telecommunications networks including internet.
- ICT applications

ICT is a fundamental part of economic growth, especially for the so-termed knowledge economy


How ICT meet goals

- Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
- Achieve universal primary education

It helps achieve the MDGs

- Increase efficiency: Opening up new opportunities
- Transparency
- Competitiveness

Development targets in 2015

- To connect villages with ICTs and establish community access points
- To connect univertities, colleges, secondary schools and primary schools with ICTs
- To connect scientific and research centers with ICTs
- To connect public libraries, cultural centers, museums, post offices and archives with ICTs
- To connect health centers and hospitals with ICTs 

- To connect all local and central govermment departments

Issues

- Use of open Source Software
- Property Rights
- Freedom of Information and Rights of Individuals
- Internet Governance and Control

Technology

- Many applications of ICT for developping regions today are trickle-down instead of purposely developed.
- The products are expensive.
- Digital Divides
- Awareness
- Availability
- Accessibility
- Affordability

Teaching 1: Factors affecting teachers' use of information and communication technology.

Use of computers as a tool

Technology involves the generation of knowledge and proceses to develop systems that solve problems and extend human capabilities. It should be used as a tool to support the educational objectives.

Objectives:
- The use of ICT as object of study
- The use of ICT as aspect of a discipline or profession
- The use of ICT as a medium for teaching and learning

Non manipulate factors

Are those that can't be influenced directly by school such as teaching experience computer experience, governmental policy and the availability of external support for schools.

Manipulative factors

The attitudes of teachers towards teaching and ICT knowledge and skills of teachers commitement of the school towards the implementation process and knowledge of ICT.
This can influence the adoption of an innovation.

Infrastructure

- Using up to date hardware and software resources is a key featurediffucion of technology
- The lack of founds to obtain the necessary hardware and software as communication

School culture

Acceptance of a new technology in a society depends on how well the proposed innovation fits the existing culture.

If technology is not received well by teachers there must be a mismatch of values between the culture of schools.

Computer Attributes

- If teachers perceive ICT as a beneficial tool, compatible with their current activities, easy to use and have observable outcomes, they will demonstrate positive attitudes towards ICT.
- Acceptance is needed.
- Changing negative attitudes is essential for increasing their computer skills.

Schools train their teachers to use technology as a tool, and to transform their classrooms into interactive, inquisitive learning environments.

Evaluation

There are three types:

- Preformative evaluation
- Formative evaluation
- Summative evaluation

ICT for Translation and Interpreting: The Relevance of New Technologies for the Training of Expert Linguists.

For the learning experience it has to be consistent with demands and expectations of the current market, ICT need to be considered and integrated in this training process.

ICT can facilitate the production of topical materials and their accessibility.

Experience is essential in the learning process: learners “learn by doing”

Course material design at Heriot-Watt University is based on lecturers’ professional experience as interpreters and also on the research they carry out with interpreting users.

Speeches and dialogues are scripted and recorded in:
- Video format in a studio.
- Audio format, using audio recording software. Using an mp3 recorder during an exercise in class.

This university uses a virtual learning environment platform, which enables students to access audio-visual resources online.

This facilitates a continuum in the learning process

Empowering students and fostering team-work

Google translate

Kolb, identified a dichotomy in learning styles, between "active doers" and "eflective watchers" learners

The wiki tool can be used to make learners play different roles and consider different perspectives: the class is split in teams of translators and editors.

Deadlines are implemented automatically, making students aware of their importance.

Wikis also facilitate targeted coaching and scaffolding. They can help provide access to expert performance, using public texts for official translations.

The learning process mustn’t, however, be limited.

Learning experience

To be the learning process completed, it is important that the observation and practice of the tasks be followed by an analytical process and an evaluation.

ICT's help

- As part of the course, students are taught to use ICT as a continuous professional development tool.

History of ICT

Pre-mechanical age 3000 B.C. - 1450 A.D.

Time which various systems were made that didn't need any mechanical effort, so it is called the pre - mechanical age of computers.

Communication:
-Sumerians in Mesopotamia southern Iraq invented cuniforms
-Greek and Romans named the Latin Alphabet

Abacus.

Input technology:
Egypt  2600 B.C. invented Papyrus = Scrolls
China 100 A.D = Paper rays = papirus sheets.
Mesopotamian leaders kept the earliest "books".

Numeric systems:
The invention of the 0 by the Mayas.
The fisrt calculator was the abacus invented by John Napier.





The Mechanical era 1450 - 1840

—It was between 1450 and 1840.
Inventors began to use techniques and tools  to create machines to conduct certain tasks.

Printing:
—Invented by Johann Gutenberg. Was one of the most outstanding machines, made accessible the information written to the general public and helped create new forms of Government with educated and cultured citizens.
The first table of the logarithms:
To simplify the calculations, by the Scottish John Napier.
Slide rule:
—It counted with two mobile scales graduating logarithms of quantities that were going to calculate. This was made by William Oughtred.

The first automatic calculator:

The pascaline.

By Blaise Pascal. Is a tax collector who worked hard in the calculation of large arithmetic operations
The pascaline:
—Also called Arithmetic Machine. It could only do addition and subtraction with numbers being entered by manipulating its dials.
Gottfried von Leibniz innovated it adding componentsto multiply, divide, and extract square roots

Electromechanical Age
The discovery of ways to harness electricity was the key advance in this period.

Telegraph.

Voltaic battery:
Invented by Alessandro Volta. It is considered as the first source of stored electricity in the 8th Century. It consists of two electrodes: one made of Zinc, the other of cooper.
Telegraph:
By Samuel F.J Morse in 1832
Telephone:
The first sucessful bi-directional transmition of clear speech, made by Bell and Watson.

Radio:
Radiotelegraph by Marchese Guglielmo Marconi. 

Punched Cards.

Electromecanical computing

Tabulating machine:
Cappable of processing fifteen-digit numbers printing out results and rounding off eight digits. Made by Pehr and Edvard Scheutz.
Comptometer:
Is a type of mechanical adding machine.
Punched Cards:
Is a piece of stiff paper that contains digital information.

Electronic Age
In the past, they used to use blood or pigments for communication.

TV.

TV:
By John Logie Baird. The images that could be seen on TV consisted in recording the face of a mannequin.The television technology was developed by investigators in the U.S, Soviet Union and U.K.
The computer:
The first computer was the Z2. Later, the Z3 used binary numbers and floating point arithmetic, it also utilized a punched film for program input could convert decimal to binary and back again.
The mobile phone:
First mobile phone were two-radios that allowed people like taxi drivers and emergency to communicate.
The first was made by a Motorola employee; Martin Cooper.
MODERN MOBILE PHONE:
We use now 3G or 4G mobiles. 4G became commercially avaliable in the U.K in 2012 and offers super fast connection and speedy downloads.
Internet:
Beggins with the electronic computers in the 1950's, it represents one of the most successful examples of the benefist of information infrastructure Technology.