Use of ICT on Languages 2

SERVICES II

Business activity creates jobs, builds human capital and physical infrastructure, and, of course offers a variety of products and services to consumers and other businesses.
The Economic Opportunity Series explore Four Key strategies that can be used to expand economic opportunity:
-Creating Inclusive Business Models
-Developing Human Capital
-Building Institutional Capacity
-Helps to Optimize the "Rules of the Game"

Develop of Human Capital
It improves the health, education, experience, and skills of employees.

Bulding Institutional Capacity
Strength the industry associations, market intermediaries, univesities, governments and civil society organizations.

There is enormous variation in the roles companies, depending on the industries, their particular business models, relationships, and the contexts in which they operate.

ICT in services
- Reduce transaction costs and improve precuctivity.
- Offers immediate connectivity voice, data, visual improving efficiencty, transparency, and accuracy.
- Substitute for other, more expensive means of communicating and transacting, such as physical travel.
- Increase choices in the marketplace.

ICTs increase efficiency, productivity, and access to goods, services, information, and markets.

The most important way ICT companies can expand economic opportunity is to get those technologies out there.

TEACHING II

An effective use of ICT Education and Learning, and Experience

Information and communication technologies (ICT) have become commonplace entities in all aspects of life in the last twenty years, it has fundamentally changed the practices and procedures of nearly everything.


According to Daniels, ICTs have become within a very short time, is one of the basic building blocks of modern society.

ICT enhancing teaching and learning process
- ICTs have the potential to accelerate, enrich, and deepen skills, to motivate and engage students.
- It helps in school experience to work practices for the viability for tomorrow's workers. 
- It also helps to revitalize teachers and students. 
- Improves and develops the quality of education.

How to introduce ICT in class
According to Zhao and Cziko, three conditions are necessary for teachers to introduce ICT into their classrooms: 

1- Teachers should believe in the effectiveness of technology.
2- Teachers should believe that the use of technology will not cause any disturbances
3- Teachers should believe that they have control over technology.

ICT enhancing the quality and accessibility of education
ICT increases the flexibility of delivery of education so that learners can access knowledge anytime and from anywhere.

Students can now browse through e-books.
Or access to:
- Resource persons
- Mentors
- Experts 

ICT enhancing learning Environment
- ICT is a potentially powerful tool for offering educational opportunities.
- It changes processes of teaching and learning by adding elements of vitality to learning
- Improves the experience of the students and teachers for better results. 

ICT enhancing learning motivation
—It provides motivation to Learn.
—Learners find classes more interesting by using multi-media, like the following ones:

- Videos 
- Television
- Multimedia computer software
(combining text, sound, and colourful moving images).

ICT enhancing the scholastic performance
The direct link between ICT use and students’ academic performance has been the focus of extensive literature during the last two decades.
ICT helps students to their learning by improving the communication between them and the instructors. An example is the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) which showed that the correlation between ICT and students’ performance is strongly and significantly positive.


ICTs for education refers to the development of information and communications technology specifically for teaching/learning purposes.

TRANSLATION II

The new information and communication technlogy (ICT) and translation competence.

Translator: Someone who can use his knowledge to communicate in a different language; to transfer ideas.
Bilingual: Someone that can communicate in two languages.

Competence: A way to know what to do in different situations combinating skills, attitudes and behaviours that leads to an individual being able to perform a certain task to a given level.

What should a translator have?
- Textual and communicative competences
- Cultural and intercultural competences
- Competence about the knowledge of the theme of translation
- Proffesional and instrumental competences
- Interpersonal competence
- Good composition and production of texts.

Helpful ICT tools for translation
General tools:
-Internet
-The use of corpus linguistics:
  *Monolingual
  *Bilingual
-Software:
  *Word
  *Acrobat reader

Specific for translators:
-Machine translation
-Computer assisted translation

Reception - Transfer - Formulation

Teaching Blogs

Teaching Children with Disabilities

To teach students with disabilities is very difficult, while doing it teachers must care about stuff like age, skills, activities and the way each one learn. 

In this blog we can find out a lot of interesting info, such as activities like learners' self care. 

Different disabilites such as Autism or Down Syndrome.

http://specialed.about.com/od/lessonplans/fl/Teaching-Functional-Skills-to-Students-with-Disabilities.htm

Teaching tough kids

Teaching tough children is one of the most difficult stuff in teaching. Most of the tough kids have a lot of troubles not just of behaviour, but in learning also. For a teacher is very difficult to interact in a normal class if one of these kids are there, the teacher has to know how to guide them and not just ignore the problem. A teacher is a mentor, someone that has to make all his students learn in a good way, and someone that has to help them in all the ways posible. 

In this blog we can see some tips for this kind of students, what we should and shouldn't do.

http://www.edutopia.org/blog/tips-for-teaching-tough-kids-josh-work

Teaching To Adults

Teaching adults is the total opposite of teaching kids, almost everything here is different. Every human learns in different ways from anothers, and if teaching children is difficult, to adults it can be also a very difficult challenge.

Most of adults aren't interested in learning by games or stimuli like children, so we can say is something more serious, and pragmatic. It's not a secret that our brain dicrease a little bit or too much (deppending on the person) by age, so that's another big challenge to a teacher to find effective ways of teach to adults, more if we talk of advanced age adults. 

We'll discover more about these challenges in this blog.

http://www.fluentu.com/english/educator/blog/teaching-english-to-adults/

Use of ICT on Languages 1

Services 1: ICT for sustainable development: defining a global research agenda.

ICT divided in two categories:
- Those dependent of traditional telecommunications networks including internet.
- ICT applications

ICT is a fundamental part of economic growth, especially for the so-termed knowledge economy


How ICT meet goals

- Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
- Achieve universal primary education

It helps achieve the MDGs

- Increase efficiency: Opening up new opportunities
- Transparency
- Competitiveness

Development targets in 2015

- To connect villages with ICTs and establish community access points
- To connect univertities, colleges, secondary schools and primary schools with ICTs
- To connect scientific and research centers with ICTs
- To connect public libraries, cultural centers, museums, post offices and archives with ICTs
- To connect health centers and hospitals with ICTs 

- To connect all local and central govermment departments

Issues

- Use of open Source Software
- Property Rights
- Freedom of Information and Rights of Individuals
- Internet Governance and Control

Technology

- Many applications of ICT for developping regions today are trickle-down instead of purposely developed.
- The products are expensive.
- Digital Divides
- Awareness
- Availability
- Accessibility
- Affordability

Teaching 1: Factors affecting teachers' use of information and communication technology.

Use of computers as a tool

Technology involves the generation of knowledge and proceses to develop systems that solve problems and extend human capabilities. It should be used as a tool to support the educational objectives.

Objectives:
- The use of ICT as object of study
- The use of ICT as aspect of a discipline or profession
- The use of ICT as a medium for teaching and learning

Non manipulate factors

Are those that can't be influenced directly by school such as teaching experience computer experience, governmental policy and the availability of external support for schools.

Manipulative factors

The attitudes of teachers towards teaching and ICT knowledge and skills of teachers commitement of the school towards the implementation process and knowledge of ICT.
This can influence the adoption of an innovation.

Infrastructure

- Using up to date hardware and software resources is a key featurediffucion of technology
- The lack of founds to obtain the necessary hardware and software as communication

School culture

Acceptance of a new technology in a society depends on how well the proposed innovation fits the existing culture.

If technology is not received well by teachers there must be a mismatch of values between the culture of schools.

Computer Attributes

- If teachers perceive ICT as a beneficial tool, compatible with their current activities, easy to use and have observable outcomes, they will demonstrate positive attitudes towards ICT.
- Acceptance is needed.
- Changing negative attitudes is essential for increasing their computer skills.

Schools train their teachers to use technology as a tool, and to transform their classrooms into interactive, inquisitive learning environments.

Evaluation

There are three types:

- Preformative evaluation
- Formative evaluation
- Summative evaluation

ICT for Translation and Interpreting: The Relevance of New Technologies for the Training of Expert Linguists.

For the learning experience it has to be consistent with demands and expectations of the current market, ICT need to be considered and integrated in this training process.

ICT can facilitate the production of topical materials and their accessibility.

Experience is essential in the learning process: learners “learn by doing”

Course material design at Heriot-Watt University is based on lecturers’ professional experience as interpreters and also on the research they carry out with interpreting users.

Speeches and dialogues are scripted and recorded in:
- Video format in a studio.
- Audio format, using audio recording software. Using an mp3 recorder during an exercise in class.

This university uses a virtual learning environment platform, which enables students to access audio-visual resources online.

This facilitates a continuum in the learning process

Empowering students and fostering team-work

Google translate

Kolb, identified a dichotomy in learning styles, between "active doers" and "eflective watchers" learners

The wiki tool can be used to make learners play different roles and consider different perspectives: the class is split in teams of translators and editors.

Deadlines are implemented automatically, making students aware of their importance.

Wikis also facilitate targeted coaching and scaffolding. They can help provide access to expert performance, using public texts for official translations.

The learning process mustn’t, however, be limited.

Learning experience

To be the learning process completed, it is important that the observation and practice of the tasks be followed by an analytical process and an evaluation.

ICT's help

- As part of the course, students are taught to use ICT as a continuous professional development tool.